{"id":259381,"date":"2025-06-29T17:57:23","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T16:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/?p=259381"},"modified":"2025-12-03T17:11:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T17:11:47","slug":"brand-persona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-persona\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a Brand Persona? How to Build One That Works"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>What is a Brand Persona? How to Build One That Works<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most brand personas are a waste of digital ink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They\u2019re a collection of adjectives sitting in a forgotten Google Drive folder. You know the ones. You\u2019ve probably even made one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u201cOur brand persona is innovative, friendly, and trustworthy.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Congratulations. You\u2019ve just described a golden retriever. You haven\u2019t created a tool for your business. You\u2019ve written a platitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is your brand persona a genuine compass for every email, every social post, and every business decision? Or is it just a feel-good document you look at once a year?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you hesitated for even a second, you need to keep reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Let\u2019s Get This Straight: Brand Persona vs Target Audience<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Brand-Persona-vs-Target-Audience-explained-1024x480.webp\" alt=\"Brand Persona Vs Target Audience Explained\" class=\"wp-image-307646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Brand-Persona-vs-Target-Audience-explained-1024x480.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Brand-Persona-vs-Target-Audience-explained-300x141.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Brand-Persona-vs-Target-Audience-explained.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Before going any further, we must fix the book's most common and damaging mistake. People mix these two up constantly. Doing so makes your entire <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/services\/brand-identity\/brand-strategy\/\" title=\"Brand Strategy\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2343\">brand strategy<\/a> incoherent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s simple, but people love to complicate it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Your Target Audience: The People You Talk <em>To<\/em>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is who you sell to. It\u2019s a description of your <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/audience-targeting\/\" title=\"Audience Targeting: How to Find Your Ideal Customer\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2354\">ideal customer<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It includes their demographics (age, location, job title) and psychographics (fears, goals, what keeps them up at night). It\u2019s about <em>them<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Your Brand Persona: The Voice You Talk <em>With<\/em>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is who your brand <em>is<\/em>. It\u2019s the character, the <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-personality\/\" title=\"Brand Personality: How to Build an Unforgettable Brand\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2345\">brand personality<\/a> of your business. If your brand walked into a room and started talking, this is who people would meet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is not your customer. It is the entity speaking <em>to<\/em> your customer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Getting This Wrong Is a Catastrophe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When you confuse the two, you end up with marketing that sounds like a parent trying to use teenage slang. It\u2019s painful. It\u2019s inauthentic. It reeks of \u201cHow do you do, fellow kids?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I once saw a B2B software company selling complex logistics solutions to middle-aged operations managers. In a baffling move, their marketing team decided their brand persona was \u201cSkyler, a 19-year-old skater who\u2019s, like, totally chill about supply chains.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Every piece of copy was a disaster. They were talking <em>as<\/em> a teenager <em>to<\/em> a group of serious professionals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The result? Zero connection. Their <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/product-marketing\/\" title=\"Product Marketing: Turning Ideas into Market Success\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2355\">message<\/a> was lost entirely because the messenger was a joke. Your brand persona isn't a costume you wear to fit in with your audience. It's the consistent character that earns their trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Anatomy of a <em>Useful<\/em> Brand Persona<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/brand-guidelines-tone-of-voice-1024x550.webp\" alt=\"Brand Guidelines Tone Of Voice\" class=\"wp-image-289167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/brand-guidelines-tone-of-voice-1024x550.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/brand-guidelines-tone-of-voice-300x161.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/brand-guidelines-tone-of-voice-60x32.webp 60w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/brand-guidelines-tone-of-voice.webp 1160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A proper brand persona isn\u2019t a short story about an imaginary person\u2019s hobbies. It\u2019s a functional specification for your brand's character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s less about what they eat for breakfast and more about the principles they\u2019d use to choose that breakfast. Every detail must have a purpose. If it doesn\u2019t inform an action, cut it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the non-negotiable components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Component 1: The Core Voice & Tone<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the absolute heart of it. And no, a list of adjectives won\u2019t cut it. &#8220;Confident&#8221; means nothing without context. A surgeon is confident. A con man is also assured. They don't sound the same. You need to define what your flavour of &#8220;confident&#8221; actually sounds like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Voice: Your Unchanging Personality<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Your voice is your core character. It doesn't change day-to-day. It's the fundamental <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-personality-types\/\" title=\"The 12 Brand Personality Types (And How to Use Them)\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2347\">personality of your brand<\/a>. Are you a wise guide? A witty challenger? A nurturing caregiver? A straight-talking expert? This should be consistent across everything you do, forever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tone: The Mood You Adopt for the Situation<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Your tone is the emotional inflexion you apply to your voice in different situations. Your voice is constant; your tone adapts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, your <em>voice<\/em> might be witty and direct. However, your <em>tone<\/em> when responding to a customer complaint on social media should be empathetic and serious. You don't lose your directness, but you dial up the empathy. It's the same person, just adapting to the mood of the conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a simple way to think about it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Situation<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Core Voice (Witty & Direct)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Resulting Tone<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Writing a <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/blog\/\" title=\"Blog\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2342\">blog<\/a> post<\/td><td>Unfiltered, sharp analysis<\/td><td>Informative, challenging<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Welcoming a new user<\/td><td>Brief, clever welcome<\/td><td>Upbeat, welcoming<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Announcing a price increase<\/td><td>Straightforward, no-nonsense<\/td><td>Direct, respectful<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Handling a public complaint<\/td><td>Acknowledges the issue directly<\/td><td>Serious, empathetic<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Your voice isn't defined well enough if you can't fill out a table like this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Component 2: A Defined Value System (Your Brand\u2019s \u201cWhy\u201d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>What do you stand for? What hill are you willing to die on?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And please, don't say &#8220;integrity,&#8221; &#8220;quality,&#8221; or &#8220;innovation.&#8221; Those are the free spaces on a corporate bingo card. They are the price of entry, not a brand personality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A value system dictates behaviour. If a core value is \u2018Defy Convention\u2019, your marketing shouldn't look like everyone else\u2019s. If a core value is \u2018Brutal Simplicity\u2019, your website shouldn't have five pop-ups and a 20-item navigation bar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your values are your decision-making filter. When faced with a choice, you should be able to ask, &#8220;What would our persona do?&#8221; and the answer should be obvious.<\/p>\n\n\n[lasso asin=&#8221;0321348109&#8243; box=&#8221;0321348109&#8243; classname=&#8221;lasso-ll-do-not-delete-67545&#8243; id=&#8221;312112&#8243; link_id=&#8221;67545&#8243; look=&#8221;box&#8221; ref=&#8221;amzn-brand-gap-the-revised-edition-aiga-design-press&#8221;]\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Component 3: Actionable Language Guidelines (The \u201cHow\u201d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where theory becomes practice. It\u2019s a practical guide for anyone writing for your brand, from the CEO to the summer intern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vocabulary: Words You Use, Words You Avoid<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Get specific. Create a simple Do\/Don't list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Words We Use:<\/strong> Straightforward, Practical, No-Nonsense, Because.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Words We Avoid:<\/strong> Leverage, Synergy, Bespoke, Ground-breaking, Unlock.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This simple act prevents your marketing copy from sounding like a LinkedIn newsfeed had a baby with a corporate thesaurus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sentence Structure & Rhythm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>How does your brand speak? Does it use short, declarative sentences? Or longer, more descriptive ones? This defines the pace and feel of your content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Punchy:<\/strong> We make software. It solves one problem. It does it well.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flowing:<\/strong> Our software is designed to integrate seamlessly into your daily workflow, providing a comprehensive solution for your most pressing challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Neither is inherently better, but you must choose. A mismatch is jarring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The \u201cGrammar\u201d of Your Brand<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This isn't just about Oxford commas. It's about the house style.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Do we use contractions (it's, you're)? <em>(Hint: yes, if you want to sound human<\/em>.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is slang ever acceptable?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do we use emojis? If so, which ones?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are we formal (Greetings) or informal (Hey there)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These aren't trivial details. The small signals create a consistent and believable character over time. A 2021 study showed that <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-consistency\/\" title=\"Brand Consistency: The Cornerstone of Memorable Brands\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2346\">brand consistency<\/a> can increase revenue by up to 33% [<a href=\"https:\/\/exclaimer.com\/blog\/brand-consistency-supercharging-trust\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">source<\/a>]. It all adds up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Component 4: A Face and a Name (With a Big Caveat)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Giving your persona a name and even a <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/stock-photo-sites\/\" title=\"Top 10 Best Stock Photo Sites to Find Stunning Images\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2359\">stock photo<\/a> can be helpful. &#8220;Meet &#8216;The Maverick Mentor'&#8221; or whatever you call it. This acts as a <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/ux-design-process\/\" title=\"UX Design Process: Crafting Experiences That Matter\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2357\">cognitive<\/a> shortcut for your team. It makes the abstract concept of &#8220;the persona&#8221; more concrete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Here\u2019s the rub:<\/strong> This is the <em>last<\/em> thing you should do, and it should take you no more than ten minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You are procrastinating if you find yourself deep in a two-hour debate about whether &#8220;Adam the Advisor&#8221; would prefer oat or almond milk in their latte. Unless you are a coffee company and that choice reveals something profound about your stance on agriculture, <em>it does not matter<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The name and face are just labels on the folder. The real work is what's inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brand Persona Examples: A Look at the Real World<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Theory is one thing. Seeing it in action makes it stick. Here are a few brands with sharp, functional personas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apple: The Cool, Design-Obsessed Innovator<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"766\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apple-event-branding-keynote-1024x766.webp\" alt=\"Apple Event Branding Keynote\" class=\"wp-image-267048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apple-event-branding-keynote-1024x766.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apple-event-branding-keynote-300x224.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apple-event-branding-keynote-60x45.webp 60w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apple-event-branding-keynote.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Persona:<\/strong> Apple's persona is the confident, minimalist genius who doesn\u2019t need to shout. It's the Steve Jobs archetype personified: obsessively focused on design, relentlessly innovative, and so sure of its vision that it doesn't just enter markets, it creates them. The persona is an artist and an engineer in one, believing that superior design and intuitive function can genuinely improve people's lives. It doesn't sell computers; it sells creative empowerment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Voice:<\/strong> Calm, simple, elegant, and human-centric. It uses short, declarative sentences and avoids technical jargon. The language focuses on the experience and the &#8220;why,&#8221; not just the &#8220;what.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Values:<\/strong> Simplicity, perfectionism, creativity, and a deep-seated belief in &#8220;thinking differently.&#8221; It values the seamless integration of hardware and software above all else.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How it Works:<\/strong> Look at any Apple product announcement. The language is never about gigahertz or RAM. It\u2019s about what you can <em>do<\/em>: &#8220;A magical new way to interact,&#8221; &#8220;The most personal device ever.&#8221; The persona's confidence allows it to present its products as inevitable advancements, making everything that came before feel obsolete.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Google: The Brilliant, Helpful Professor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/how-to-create-google-ads-that-get-clicks-in-2025-1024x559.webp\" alt=\"How To Create Google Ads That Get Clicks In 2025\" class=\"wp-image-304807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/how-to-create-google-ads-that-get-clicks-in-2025-1024x559.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/how-to-create-google-ads-that-get-clicks-in-2025-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/how-to-create-google-ads-that-get-clicks-in-2025.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Persona:<\/strong> Google's persona is the world's most brilliant and helpful professor. It's endlessly knowledgeable, incredibly fast, and driven by a desire to make complex information accessible to everyone. The persona is a benevolent genius, slightly nerdy, but never condescending. It finds joy in organising the world's chaos and providing clear, direct answers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Voice:<\/strong> Clear, intelligent, straightforward, and helpful. The language is clean and utilitarian. It prioritises function and speed over flair.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Values:<\/strong> Universal access to information, speed, relevance, and accuracy. It has an underlying value of &#8220;Don't be evil,&#8221; suggesting a commitment to using its vast power for good.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How it Works:<\/strong> The Google search page is the ultimate expression of this persona. It's a simple, blank box that says, &#8220;Ask me anything. I have the answer.&#8221; There is no clutter. Even its playful side, like Google Doodles, reinforces the persona\u2014celebrating science, history, and culture, just as a good professor would.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Starbucks: The Welcoming, Reliable Guide<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/starbucks-customer-loyalty-example-1024x559.webp\" alt=\"Starbucks Customer Loyalty Example\" class=\"wp-image-298704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/starbucks-customer-loyalty-example-1024x559.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/starbucks-customer-loyalty-example-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/starbucks-customer-loyalty-example-60x33.webp 60w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/starbucks-customer-loyalty-example.webp 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Persona:<\/strong> Starbucks is the reliable, welcoming guide that provides a comfortable and consistent &#8220;third place&#8221; between the pressures of work and home. The persona is a friendly and knowledgeable barista who remembers your name and usual order. It\u2019s not about serving the world\u2019s best artisanal coffee; it\u2019s about providing a moment of affordable luxury and dependable comfort in your daily routine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Voice:<\/strong> Warm, familiar, and inviting. It uses its unique vocabulary (&#8220;Venti,&#8221; &#8220;Grande&#8221;) not to be pretentious, but to create a sense of an inclusive club that customers are a part of.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Values:<\/strong> Community, comfort, consistency, and ethical sourcing. It <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/lifecycle-marketing\/\" title=\"Lifecycle Marketing: Maximising Customer Value and Retention\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2356\">values the customer's<\/a> daily ritual and strives to make it pleasant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How it Works:<\/strong> From writing your name on the cup to the &#8220;store-for-store&#8221; consistency, the Starbucks experience is designed to be a predictable comfort. The persona is a master of creating accessible luxury; it makes you feel like you're treating yourself without it being a significant decision, solidifying its place in millions of daily routines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nike: The Tenacious Athlete<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nike-just-do-it-best-business-slogans-1024x559.webp\" alt=\"Nike Just Do It Best Business Slogans\" class=\"wp-image-303876\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nike-just-do-it-best-business-slogans-1024x559.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nike-just-do-it-best-business-slogans-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nike-just-do-it-best-business-slogans.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Persona:<\/strong> The gritty, focused, and intensely competitive mentor who pushes you to your limits. Nike is not your cheerful gym buddy; the coach sees your potential and demands that you realise it. Its core personality is built on the spirit of contest and the drive to win.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Voice:<\/strong> Motivational, intense, direct, and authoritative. It uses powerful, action-oriented language that speaks directly to the reader's ambition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Values:<\/strong> Victory, perseverance, dedication, and breaking limits. It values greatness above all else and respects the relentless work required to achieve it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How it Works:<\/strong> The &#8220;Just Do It&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/guide-to-taglines-and-slogans\/\" title=\"A Guide to Taglines and Slogans: Crafting Memorable Brand Messages\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2353\">slogan<\/a> perfectly distils this persona. It's not a gentle suggestion; it's a command. Their advertising, their choice of fiercely competitive sponsored athletes (like Michael Jordan and Serena Williams), and their focus on high-performance products are all filtered through this intense character. Nike doesn't sell shoes; it sells the tangible idea of your potential victory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Brutally Honest Process: How to Build Your Persona, Step-by-Step<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This isn't a mystical process. It's a series of logical steps. No brainstorming sessions with beanbags are required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Look Inward, Not Outward (At First)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The most authentic brand personas are born from the company's DNA. Start with the founders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why did you start this business? What frustrated you about the industry?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are your personal, non-negotiable values?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do you speak to customers and partners naturally?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The seeds of your brand\u2019s true character are already there. Trying to invent a persona entirely alien to the founders' worldview is a recipe for a <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/services\/brand-identity\/\" title=\"Brand Identity Design\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2344\">brand identity<\/a> that never sticks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Talk to Your Best Customers (And Your Worst)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Your persona doesn't exist in a vacuum. It has to connect with real people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Talk to your five favourite customers. The ones who &#8220;get it.&#8221; Don't ask them what they want. Ask them <em>why<\/em> they chose you. Listen to their exact words to describe your business and your value. They are reflecting your persona at you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then, if you're brave, look at your detractors. Why do people who <em>don't<\/em> buy from you make that choice? What about you repels them? A strong persona will actively push away the wrong people. This isn't a failure; it's a feature. It sharpens your focus on who you are truly for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Analyse Your Competition (But Don\u2019t Copy Them)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Map out the personas of your three main competitors. Are they all using the same serious, corporate, <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/authenticity-in-branding\/\" title=\"Stop Lying. Start Selling: Authenticity in Branding Explained\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2350\">&#8220;trusted partner&#8221; voice<\/a>? Are they all trying to be the zany, meme-loving best friend to customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look for the space. Your goal isn\u2019t to be better; it\u2019s to be <em>different<\/em>. If everyone else is shouting, maybe your persona whispers. If everyone is complex and feature-heavy, your persona can be the champion of elegant simplicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A 2014 report pointed out that consumers are bombarded with 350 and 1000+ ad messages daily [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedrum.com\/news\/how-many-ads-do-we-really-see-day-spoiler-it-s-not-10000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">source<\/a>]. Blending in is a death sentence. Differentiation is survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4: Draft the Damn Thing (Version 1.0)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Stop talking and start writing. Open a document and build your one-page persona spec sheet based on our discussed components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a simple structure to get you started:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Persona Name:<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Core Voice:<\/strong> (e.g., The Witty Expert)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>One-Sentence Summary:<\/strong> (e.g., We explain complex topics with sharp wit and zero jargon.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Core Values:<\/strong> (3-4 specific, actionable values)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Language Do's & Don'ts:<\/strong> (A simple list of words\/phrases)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Example Snippet:<\/strong> (Rewrite a paragraph of your homepage copy in this new voice.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep it to a single page. If it's longer, you've overcooked it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5: Pressure-Test It in the Real World<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the step everyone skips, which is why most personas fail. A persona is a hypothesis until it's tested against reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rewrite something.<\/strong> Copy your last three <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/best-brands-social-media-marketing\/\" title=\"The 10 Best Brands in Social Media Marketing\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2352\">social media<\/a> posts in the new voice. Does it feel stronger? Or forced?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role-play a scenario.<\/strong> How would this persona handle a refund request? How would it announce a new product?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Give it to a stranger.<\/strong> Hand the one-page document to a new employee or a trusted colleague who wasn't involved. Ask them to write a 50-word email to a customer based only on that document. Your persona isn't clear enough if they can't do it, or their writing is wildly off-base. It has failed the test. Go back to Step 4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Putting Your Persona to Work: Where It Matters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sephora-retail-brand-message-1024x768.webp\" alt=\"Sephora Retail Brand Message\" class=\"wp-image-298715\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sephora-retail-brand-message-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sephora-retail-brand-message-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sephora-retail-brand-message-60x45.webp 60w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sephora-retail-brand-message.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A persona document is not a deliverable. It\u2019s a tool. And a tool is only valid when it\u2019s used. If it\u2019s not actively influencing your daily operations, it\u2019s a failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In Your Marketing & Content<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the most obvious one. Every blog post, ad, email newsletter, and social media caption must be filtered through the persona. It\u2019s the final quality check. Before you hit &#8220;publish,&#8221; ask: &#8220;Would our persona say this, in this way?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Before Persona (Generic):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cOur new software update is here! It features enhanced analytics and a streamlined user interface for better <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/workflow-management\/\" title=\"Workflow Management: The Secret to Profitable, On-Time Projects\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"14307\">workflow management<\/a>. Click to learn more!\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>After Persona (The Witty Expert):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cStop guessing. Start knowing. We overhauled our analytics to give you answers, not just more data. Your workflow is about to get a lot less work and a lot more flow.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>See the difference? One is an announcement. The other has a point of view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In Your Sales Process<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>How your team writes proposals, the scripts they use for calls, and how they handle objections should align with the brand persona. This ensures <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-experience\/\" title=\"Brand Experience: Crafting Unforgettable Connections\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2349\">customers have a consistent experience<\/a> from the first ad they see to the final contract they sign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In Your Product & Service Design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Your persona\u2019s values should directly influence what you build. If your persona is &#8220;The Simplifier,&#8221; you can't justify shipping a product with a cluttered, confusing logo. It's a breach of character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This deep integration of character into strategy is what we do when we build a proper<a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/services\/brand-identity\/\"> brand identity<\/a>. It's about ensuring the <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/corporate-identity\/\" title=\"Corporate Identity: The Soul of Your Business\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2351\">soul of the brand<\/a> is reflected in every touchpoint, not just in a pretty logo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In Your Company Culture & Hiring<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You hire people who resonate with your persona's core values. You build a team that can authentically live out the brand's character, making the above much easier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Traps and How to Sidestep Them<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, a few quick landmines to watch out for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The &#8220;Static Persona&#8221; Trap:<\/strong> Your business and persona will evolve. It\u2019s not a one-and-done task. Review and refine it every year to make sure it still fits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The &#8220;Designed by Committee&#8221; Trap:<\/strong> The fastest way to create a bland, beige, useless persona is to have ten people give their input. One person needs to own it. Democracy is great for government, but terrible for creating a distinct brand personality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The &#8220;Aspirational vs. Actual&#8221; Trap:<\/strong> It\u2019s tempting to build a persona for the cool, edgy brand you <em>wish<\/em> you were. Don't. It will feel fake. Build from the truth of who you are <em>now<\/em>. Authenticity is the only thing you can't fake.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stop Admiring the Problem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Your brand is speaking to people right now\u2014every day. The only question is whether it's doing so with a clear, compelling, consistent character or just making noise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A brand persona isn't a creative indulgence. It's a strategic imperative. It\u2019s the compass that ensures every single thing you do is pointing in the same direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, go and look at your current persona. Is it a tool or a trophy? A guide or a ghost?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you find it's not working, you know how to fix it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This kind of <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/strategic-thinking\/\" title=\"Mastering the Art of Strategic Thinking: Unleashing Business Success\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2358\">strategic thinking<\/a> is foundational. If this approach resonates, you\u2019ll find more of it on our blog. If you realise your brand needs this level of clarity and are ready to stop guessing, our services are for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you\u2019re ready to <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/branding-and-logo-design\/\" title=\"Branding and Logo Design: How to Build a Strong Brand Identity\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2348\">build a brand<\/a> that means business, you can get a quote here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/h3>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215270969\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is a brand persona in simple terms?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A brand persona is the human character and personality you give to your business. It\u2019s not who you sell <em>to<\/em> (your target audience), but the voice and character you use <em>when<\/em> you speak.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215285558\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is a brand persona important for a small business?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For a small business, a strong persona is a key differentiator. It helps you stand out from larger, more generic competitors by building a memorable character and a loyal customer base that connects with your brand emotionally.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215295627\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">How is a brand persona different from brand archetypes?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Brand archetypes (like The Hero, The Sage, The Jester) are excellent starting points or psychological shorthand. A brand persona is the fully developed, specific character built upon that archetype, complete with a unique voice, values, and language rules tailored to your business.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215307808\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a brand have more than one persona?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It's highly inadvisable. A brand should have one core persona to ensure consistency. You can, however, adjust your <em>tone<\/em> for different audience segments or platforms, but the underlying brand personality (the <em>voice<\/em>) should remain the same.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215319515\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">How long does it take to create a good brand persona?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The initial drafting can be done in a day. The real work is in the testing and refining, which can take a few weeks of actively applying it to your communications. The goal is a functional one-page document, not a novel.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215330092\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the biggest mistakes to avoid when creating a brand persona?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The top three mistakes are: 1) Confusing it with your target audience. 2) Making it a list of vague adjectives (e.g., &#8220;friendly&#8221;). 3) Creating it and then never using it to guide actual decisions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215344442\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Should my brand persona be similar to my personality?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For many small businesses and sole proprietors, basing the brand persona on the founder's authentic personality is a powerful strategy. It ensures authenticity and makes it easier to maintain. However, it should be a focused, strategic version of that personality, not a direct copy.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215356163\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I ensure my team uses the brand persona correctly?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Create a simple, one-page style guide that outlines the persona's voice, values, and language rules. Make it part of your onboarding process and use it as a checklist before publishing content. Lead by example.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215368408\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can my brand persona evolve?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Absolutely. Brands grow and change. It's wise to formally review your brand persona annually to make sure it still aligns with your business goals, your audience, and the market landscape.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751215382340\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is hiring a professional to help create a brand persona worth it?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Hiring a professional <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/\" title=\"Branding Agency &#8211; Inkbot Design\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-replace=\"\">branding agency<\/a> can be a valuable investment if you're struggling to gain an objective perspective or want to ensure your persona is deeply integrated with your overall brand strategy (logo, visuals, messaging).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><style>\r\n.lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }.lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n            width: 32%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            justify-content: space-between;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n            width: calc(10% - 20px);\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n            object-fit: cover;\r\n            aspect-ratio: 1 \/ 1;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{\r\n            background: initial !important;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n            .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }.lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{\r\n                margin-top: 0px;\r\n                margin-bottom: 0px;\r\n                padding-top: 0px;\r\n                padding-bottom: 0px;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-double,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n                justify-content: initial;\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n                \r\n                \r\n            };\r\n        }<\/style>\r\n<div id=\"link-whisper-related-posts-widget\" class=\"link-whisper-related-posts lwrp\">\r\n            <h4 class=\"lwrp-title\">You May Also Like:<\/h4>    \r\n        <div class=\"lwrp-list-container\">\r\n                                            <ul class=\"lwrp-list lwrp-list-single\">\r\n                    <li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/graphic-design-ethics\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Graphic Design Ethics: Copycats, Clients, and Copyrights<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/different-types-of-logos\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">The 7 Different Types Of Logos &amp; How To Use Them<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/sensory-branding\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Sensory Branding: Engaging All 5 Senses<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/personalisation-in-marketing\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Personalisation in Marketing: Why it Matters<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/digital-pr-strategies\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Digital PR Strategies to Boost Your Online Presence<\/span><\/a><\/li>                <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most brand personas are a waste of time\u2014a list of adjectives that don\u2019t help your business. This guide explains a brand persona: a functional tool that defines your brand&#8217;s voice and character. Learn the common mistakes, see real-world examples from brands like Nike and Apple, and follow a step-by-step process to build a persona that drives real-world results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":307645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-259381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-brand-strategy","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=259381"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259381\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/307645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=259381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=259381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=259381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}