{"id":273117,"date":"2025-12-15T15:26:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T15:26:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/?p=273117"},"modified":"2026-01-01T19:34:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-01T19:34:36","slug":"brand-equity-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-equity-models\/","title":{"rendered":"Brand Equity Models Explained: Keller vs Aaker"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Brand Equity Models Explained: Keller vs Aaker<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For many business owners, &#8220;brand equity&#8221; sounds like marketing jargon. It is the sort of term agencies use to justify a \u00a350,000 invoice for a logo refresh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But here is the cold reality: Brand equity is the reason you pay \u00a34.00 for a Starbucks latte rather than \u00a31.50 for a generic coffee, even if the beans are chemically identical. It is the commercial value derived from consumer perception. It is the difference between a commodity and a cash cow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you cannot measure it, you cannot manage it. That is where <strong>brand equity models<\/strong> come in. These aren't just academic diagrams; they are blueprints for printing money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, we will not only define them but also explore their significance. We are going to strip down the two heavyweights of the industry\u2014<strong>David Aaker<\/strong> and <strong>Kevin Lane Keller<\/strong>\u2014and see which one actually works for growing a business in the real world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are Brand Equity Models?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/A-Practical-Framework-for-Building-Brand-Equity-from-Zero-1024x559.webp\" alt=\"A Practical Framework For Building Brand Equity From Zero\" class=\"wp-image-307116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/A-Practical-Framework-for-Building-Brand-Equity-from-Zero-1024x559.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/A-Practical-Framework-for-Building-Brand-Equity-from-Zero-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/A-Practical-Framework-for-Building-Brand-Equity-from-Zero.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>At its core, a brand equity model is a framework used to diagnose the health and <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/branding-roi\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"328377\">value of a brand<\/a>. It attempts to quantify the intangible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you strip away the jargon, every valid model agrees on three key components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Knowledge:<\/strong> Does the customer know you exist? (Awareness\/Salience)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preference:<\/strong> Does the customer prefer you over the alternative? (Associations\/Quality)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Action:<\/strong> Does the customer consistently buy from you and disregard competitors? (Loyalty\/Resonance)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Without a model, you are just throwing colours at a wall and hoping they stick. With a model, you are building an asset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Aaker Model: The Asset Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/haas.berkeley.edu\/faculty\/david-a-aaker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Aaker<\/a>, often cited as the &#8220;Father of Modern Branding,&#8221; introduced his model in 1991. Aaker views <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-equity\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"274552\">brand equity<\/a> as a set of assets and liabilities linked to a brand\u2019s name and symbol that add to (or subtract from) the value provided by a product or service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is less about &#8220;feelings&#8221; and more about structural integrity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/The-5-Pillars-of-Aakers-Model-1024x559.webp\" alt=\"Brand Equity Models The 5 Pillars Of Aakers Model\" class=\"wp-image-328575\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/The-5-Pillars-of-Aakers-Model-1024x559.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/The-5-Pillars-of-Aakers-Model-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/The-5-Pillars-of-Aakers-Model.webp 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The 5 Pillars of Aaker\u2019s Model<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aaker argues that equity is built on five pillars. If one crumbles, the value of the brand diminishes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Brand Loyalty:<\/strong> This is the core. A loyal customer base reduces marketing costs and provides trade leverage. It is cheaper to keep a customer than to find a new one.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brand Awareness:<\/strong> The anchor. If they don't know you, they can't buy you. Aaker distinguishes between recognition (I've seen this before) and recall (I can name this brand when asked about a category).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perceived Quality:<\/strong> This is not about actual engineering quality; it is about the <em>customer's perception<\/em> of quality. This directly drives pricing power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brand Associations:<\/strong> Anything linked in memory to a brand. For Nike, it\u2019s &#8220;Athleticism&#8221; or &#8220;Just Do It.&#8221; These associations provide a reason to buy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Proprietary Brand Assets:<\/strong> This is the one most people forget. Patents, trademarks, channel relationships. These are legal protections that prevent competitors from copying your success.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real-World Application: The &#8220;Coca-Cola&#8221; Defence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/coca-cola-branding-without-a-logo-design-1024x640.jpg\" alt=\"Logo Coca Cola Branding Without A Logo Design\" class=\"wp-image-252397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/coca-cola-branding-without-a-logo-design-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/coca-cola-branding-without-a-logo-design-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/coca-cola-branding-without-a-logo-design-60x38.jpg 60w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/coca-cola-branding-without-a-logo-design.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Coca-Cola is the textbook example of Aaker\u2019s model in action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Loyalty:<\/strong> People drink it daily for decades.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Awareness:<\/strong> It is arguably the most recognised word on Earth after &#8220;OK.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perceived Quality:<\/strong> Consistent taste worldwide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Associations:<\/strong> Happiness, Christmas, Red, Refreshment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Proprietary Assets:<\/strong> The trademarked contour bottle shape and the secret formula.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if all of Coca-Cola's factories were to burn down tomorrow, the company could walk into any bank and borrow billions purely on the value of its <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-equity\/\">brand equity<\/a>. That is the Aaker model: <strong>Brand as a financial fortress.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Keller Model (CBBE): The Customer-Based Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kevin Lane Keller took a different angle in 1993 with his <strong>Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE)<\/strong> model. While Aaker views the brand as a business asset, Keller views it through the consumer's eyes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keller\u2019s premise is simple: <strong>The power of a brand lies in what resides in the minds of customers.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He visualises this as a pyramid. You cannot jump to the top (Loyalty) without building the foundation (Salience).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/4-Steps-of-Kellers-Pyramid-1024x559.webp\" alt=\"Brand Equity Models 4 Steps Of Kellers Pyramid\" class=\"wp-image-328576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/4-Steps-of-Kellers-Pyramid-1024x559.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/4-Steps-of-Kellers-Pyramid-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/4-Steps-of-Kellers-Pyramid.webp 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The 4 Steps of Keller\u2019s Pyramid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Level 1: Identity (Who are you?)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Brand Salience.<\/strong> This is a deep and broad <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-awareness\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"239913\">brand awareness<\/a>. It\u2019s not just &#8220;Do I know this brand?&#8221; but &#8220;Do I think of this brand when I\u2019m thirsty\/tired\/hungry?&#8221; It is about mental availability at the moment of purchase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Level 2: Meaning (What are you?)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This splits into two blocks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Performance:<\/strong> Does the product work? Is it reliable? (Functional).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imagery:<\/strong> What does the brand look like? Who uses it? (Psychological).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Level 3: Response (What about you?)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Judgments:<\/strong> The customer\u2019s cognitive reaction. Quality, credibility, superiority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Feelings:<\/strong> The customer\u2019s emotional reaction. Fun, excitement, security, self-respect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Level 4: Relationships (What about you and me?)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Brand Resonance.<\/strong> The peak. This is where the customer feels a psychological bond with the brand. It manifests as behavioural loyalty, attitudinal attachment, and active engagement (such as joining communities and posting on social media).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real-World Application: Apple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Apple-Magic-Mouse-2-review-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"Bluetooth Mouse For Mac Apple Magic Mouse 2 Review\" class=\"wp-image-268926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Apple-Magic-Mouse-2-review-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Apple-Magic-Mouse-2-review-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Apple-Magic-Mouse-2-review-60x34.webp 60w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Apple-Magic-Mouse-2-review.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/apple-branding\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"270688\">Apple<\/a> plays the Keller game better than anyone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Salience:<\/strong> You see the logo; you know it\u2019s premium tech.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meaning:<\/strong> High performance (M-series chips) mixed with sleek, minimalist imagery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Response:<\/strong> Judgments of superiority (&#8220;It just works&#8221;) and feelings of creativity and status.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Resonance:<\/strong> Apple users defend the brand. They queue for iPhones. They are part of an ecosystem. They don't just buy; they belong.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Showdown: Aaker vs. Keller<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Entrepreneurs often ask us, &#8220;Which model should I use?&#8221; The answer depends on your goal. Are you trying to sell the company (Asset value), or are you trying to increase customer retention (Psychological value)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Aaker's Model<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Keller's CBBE Pyramid<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Primary Focus<\/strong><\/td><td>Company Value & Recognition<\/td><td>Customer Psychology & Emotions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Key Metaphor<\/strong><\/td><td>A set of Assets\/Liabilities<\/td><td>A Ladder or Pyramid<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>End Goal<\/strong><\/td><td>Market Leadership & Financial Value<\/td><td>Brand Resonance (Deep Loyalty)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Unique Component<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Proprietary Assets<\/strong> (Patents\/IP)<\/td><td><strong>Resonance<\/strong> (Active Engagement)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Best For&#8230;<\/strong><\/td><td>Established corps, M&A valuation, Legal strategy<\/td><td>Startups, Lifestyle brands, Community building<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Weakness<\/strong><\/td><td>Can feel cold\/corporate; ignores &#8220;feelings&#8221;<\/td><td>Can be abstract; hard to measure &#8220;Resonance&#8221; financially<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Consultant's Reality Check<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In our fieldwork at <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/\">Inkbot Design<\/a>, we often see startups trying to force &#8220;Resonance&#8221; (Keller Level 4) before they have even established &#8220;Salience&#8221; (Keller Level 1) or &#8220;Perceived Quality&#8221; (Aaker Pillar 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Warning:<\/strong> You cannot &#8220;community build&#8221; your way out of a bad product. If your <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/services\/brand-identity\/\">brand identity<\/a> is weak and your product fails functionally, no amount of &#8220;emotional storytelling&#8221; will save you. Fix the foundation first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n\n  #eq-container, #eq-container * {\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n\n  #eq-container {\n    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 40px 0;\n    padding: 35px;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\n    border-radius: 0.5rem;\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n    color: #333;\n  }\n\n  \/* HEADER *\/\n  #eq-container h3 {\n    margin-top: 0;\n    color: #111;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    font-size: 24px;\n    margin-bottom: 8px;\n    text-align: center;\n  }\n\n  #eq-container p.intro {\n    color: #666;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    line-height: 1.5;\n    margin-bottom: 30px;\n    text-align: center;\n  }\n\n  \/* SECTIONS *\/\n  .eq-section-title {\n    font-size: 12px;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    letter-spacing: 1px;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    color: #0055FF;\n    border-bottom: 2px solid #0055FF;\n    padding-bottom: 5px;\n    margin-bottom: 15px;\n    margin-top: 25px;\n  }\n  .eq-section-title:first-child { margin-top: 0; }\n\n  \/* SLIDER GROUPS *\/\n  .eq-group {\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  \n  .eq-label {\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #111;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  .eq-desc {\n    font-size: 12px;\n    color: #666;\n    font-style: italic;\n    margin-bottom: 8px;\n    display: block;\n  }\n\n  \/* SLIDER STYLING *\/\n  .eq-range {\n    width: 100%;\n    accent-color: #0055FF;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    height: 6px;\n    background: #eee;\n    border-radius: 3px;\n    -webkit-appearance: none;\n  }\n  \n  .eq-range::-webkit-slider-thumb {\n    -webkit-appearance: none;\n    width: 20px;\n    height: 20px;\n    background: #0055FF;\n    border: 2px solid #fff;\n    border-radius: 50%;\n    cursor: grab;\n    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n  }\n\n  \/* RESULTS AREA *\/\n  #eq-result {\n    display: none;\n    margin-top: 30px;\n    padding-top: 25px;\n    border-top: 1px dashed #ccc;\n    text-align: center;\n    animation: fadeIn 0.5s ease;\n  }\n\n  .eq-quadrant-title {\n    font-size: 24px;\n    font-weight: 900;\n    color: #111;\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n  }\n\n  .eq-scores-flex {\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center;\n    gap: 20px;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .eq-score-box {\n    background: #f8f9fa;\n    padding: 10px 15px;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    text-align: center;\n    border: 1px solid #eee;\n  }\n  .eq-sb-label { font-size: 10px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#666; display:block; }\n  .eq-sb-val { font-size: 18px; font-weight:800; color:#0055FF; }\n\n  .eq-advice {\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #444;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n    line-height: 1.6;\n    background: #f0f4f8;\n    padding: 15px;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    border-left: 4px solid #0055FF;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n\n  \/* BUTTON *\/\n  .eq-btn {\n    display: inline-block;\n    background-color: #0055FF;\n    color: #fff;\n    padding: 14px 30px;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    border: none;\n    border-radius: 0.5rem;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    width: 100%;\n    text-align: center;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    transition: background 0.2s, transform 0.1s;\n  }\n  .eq-btn:hover { background-color: #0044cc; transform: translateY(-1px); }\n  \n  .eq-calc-btn { margin-top: 10px; background-color: #111; }\n  .eq-calc-btn:hover { background-color: #333; }\n\n  @keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); } }\n<\/style>\n\n<div id=\"eq-container\">\n  \n  <h3>The &#8220;Head vs. Heart&#8221; Brand Audit<\/h3>\n  <p class=\"intro\">Are you building <strong>Assets<\/strong> (Aaker) or <strong>Relationships<\/strong> (Keller)? Rate your brand below to see if your equity is balanced.<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"eq-section-title\">The Aaker Metrics (The Head)<\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"eq-group\">\n    <div class=\"eq-label\">\n      <span>1. Brand Awareness<\/span>\n      <span id=\"val-a1\">5\/10<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"eq-desc\">Are you a household name in your niche?<\/span>\n    <input type=\"range\" class=\"eq-range\" id=\"aaker-1\" min=\"1\" max=\"10\" value=\"5\" oninput=\"updateEqLabels()\">\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"eq-group\">\n    <div class=\"eq-label\">\n      <span>2. Perceived Quality<\/span>\n      <span id=\"val-a2\">5\/10<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"eq-desc\">Is your product objectively better than rivals?<\/span>\n    <input type=\"range\" class=\"eq-range\" id=\"aaker-2\" min=\"1\" max=\"10\" value=\"5\" oninput=\"updateEqLabels()\">\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"eq-group\">\n    <div class=\"eq-label\">\n      <span>3. Market Leadership<\/span>\n      <span id=\"val-a3\">5\/10<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"eq-desc\">Do you have wide distribution and presence?<\/span>\n    <input type=\"range\" class=\"eq-range\" id=\"aaker-3\" min=\"1\" max=\"10\" value=\"5\" oninput=\"updateEqLabels()\">\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"eq-section-title\">The Keller Metrics (The Heart)<\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"eq-group\">\n    <div class=\"eq-label\">\n      <span>4. Brand Imagery<\/span>\n      <span id=\"val-k1\">5\/10<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"eq-desc\">Do people think your brand looks\/feels &#8220;Cool&#8221;?<\/span>\n    <input type=\"range\" class=\"eq-range\" id=\"keller-1\" min=\"1\" max=\"10\" value=\"5\" oninput=\"updateEqLabels()\">\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"eq-group\">\n    <div class=\"eq-label\">\n      <span>5. Feelings &#038; Judgments<\/span>\n      <span id=\"val-k2\">5\/10<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"eq-desc\">Does your brand evoke warmth, fun, or excitement?<\/span>\n    <input type=\"range\" class=\"eq-range\" id=\"keller-2\" min=\"1\" max=\"10\" value=\"5\" oninput=\"updateEqLabels()\">\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"eq-group\">\n    <div class=\"eq-label\">\n      <span>6. Resonance (Tribalism)<\/span>\n      <span id=\"val-k3\">5\/10<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"eq-desc\">Do customers get tattoos or wear your merch?<\/span>\n    <input type=\"range\" class=\"eq-range\" id=\"keller-3\" min=\"1\" max=\"10\" value=\"5\" oninput=\"updateEqLabels()\">\n  <\/div>\n\n  <button class=\"eq-btn eq-calc-btn\" onclick=\"calcEquity()\">Diagnose My Brand Equity<\/button>\n\n  <div id=\"eq-result\">\n    <div class=\"eq-quadrant-title\" id=\"eq-title\">&#8230;<\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"eq-scores-flex\">\n      <div class=\"eq-score-box\">\n        <span class=\"eq-sb-label\">Aaker Score (Head)<\/span>\n        <span class=\"eq-sb-val\" id=\"score-aaker\">0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"eq-score-box\">\n        <span class=\"eq-sb-label\">Keller Score (Heart)<\/span>\n        <span class=\"eq-sb-val\" id=\"score-keller\">0<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"eq-advice\" id=\"eq-advice\">&#8230;<\/div>\n    \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/contact\/request-a-quote\/\" class=\"eq-btn\">Build a Higher Equity Brand<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n  function updateEqLabels() {\n    \/\/ Aaker\n    document.getElementById('val-a1').innerText = document.getElementById('aaker-1').value + \"\/10\";\n    document.getElementById('val-a2').innerText = document.getElementById('aaker-2').value + \"\/10\";\n    document.getElementById('val-a3').innerText = document.getElementById('aaker-3').value + \"\/10\";\n    \/\/ Keller\n    document.getElementById('val-k1').innerText = document.getElementById('keller-1').value + \"\/10\";\n    document.getElementById('val-k2').innerText = document.getElementById('keller-2').value + \"\/10\";\n    document.getElementById('val-k3').innerText = document.getElementById('keller-3').value + \"\/10\";\n  }\n\n  function calcEquity() {\n    \/\/ Get Aaker Avg\n    const a1 = parseInt(document.getElementById('aaker-1').value);\n    const a2 = parseInt(document.getElementById('aaker-2').value);\n    const a3 = parseInt(document.getElementById('aaker-3').value);\n    const aScore = Math.round(((a1 + a2 + a3) \/ 30) * 100);\n\n    \/\/ Get Keller Avg\n    const k1 = parseInt(document.getElementById('keller-1').value);\n    const k2 = parseInt(document.getElementById('keller-2').value);\n    const k3 = parseInt(document.getElementById('keller-3').value);\n    const kScore = Math.round(((k1 + k2 + k3) \/ 30) * 100);\n\n    let title = \"\";\n    let advice = \"\";\n\n    \/\/ LOGIC MATRIX\n    if (aScore >= 70 && kScore >= 70) {\n      title = \"The Brand Titan\";\n      advice = \"<strong>Status: Apple \/ Nike Tier.<\/strong> You have achieved the holy grail: High functional value (Aaker) and deep emotional resonance (Keller). Your goal now is protection and legacy.\";\n    } \n    else if (aScore >= 70 && kScore < 70) {\n      title = \"The Commodity Trap\";\n      advice = \"<strong>Status: High Function, Low Emotion.<\/strong> You are strong on the Aaker model (people know you and buy you), but weak on Keller (they don't love you). You are vulnerable to a competitor undercutting your price. <strong>Solution:<\/strong> You need a Brand Story refresh.\";\n    }\n    else if (aScore < 70 &#038;&#038; kScore >= 70) {\n      title = \"The Cult Secret\";\n      advice = \"<strong>Status: High Emotion, Low Reach.<\/strong> Your fans love you (High Keller), but you lack the distribution or awareness (Low Aaker) to scale. <strong>Solution:<\/strong> You don't need a rebrand; you need a Marketing Awareness campaign.\";\n    }\n    else {\n      title = \"The Invisible Player\";\n      advice = \"<strong>Status: Starting Out.<\/strong> You currently lack both the market assets (Aaker) and the emotional depth (Keller) to compete. You need to build a 'Brand Identity System' from the ground up.\";\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Render\n    document.getElementById('eq-title').innerText = title;\n    document.getElementById('score-aaker').innerText = aScore;\n    document.getElementById('score-keller').innerText = kScore;\n    document.getElementById('eq-advice').innerHTML = advice;\n    \n    document.getElementById('eq-result').style.display = \"block\";\n  }\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The &#8220;Third Player&#8221;: Byron Sharp & Mental Availability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We cannot discuss brand equity in 2026 without addressing the elephant in the room: <strong>The Ehrenberg-Bass Institute.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Professor Byron Sharp, in his seminal book <em>How Brands Grow<\/em>, challenged both Aaker and Keller. Sharp argues that &#8220;Brand Loyalty&#8221; and &#8220;Love&#8221; are largely myths or, at best, consequences of size rather than drivers of it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sharp\u2019s data suggests:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Most growth comes from <strong>light buyers<\/strong> (people who buy from you only once a year), not loyal customers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Differentiation (Meaning) matters less than <strong>Distinctiveness<\/strong> (Sensory cues like colours and logos).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equity is essentially comprised of Physical Availability (easy to acquire) and Mental Availability (easy to consider).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-element-bfe918e2\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-8639a4c5\" style=\"--inline-bg-image: url(https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/How-Brands-Grow-by-Byron-Sharp.webp)\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-element-255ba9c8\">\n<h4 class=\"gb-text gb-text-a89ddd64\">How Brands Grow<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"gb-text gbp-section__text gb-text-c0253665\">Your marketing strategy is based on myths and decades of bad theory. This book is the fix. <strong>How Brands Grow<\/strong> presents tried and tested, <strong>scientific laws<\/strong>\u2014backed by decades of global research\u2014on how brands <em>actually<\/em> grow. It demolishes conventional wisdom on loyalty programs, price promotions, and even how advertising works, giving you an evidence-based roadmap to sustained growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-element-cbe348cb\">\n<a class=\"gbp-button--primary gb-text-e88314e2\" href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4jhFOqR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow sponsored\"><span class=\"gb-shape\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" height=\"1em\" width=\"1em\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M425.7 256c-16.9 0-32.8-9-41.4-23.4L320 126l-64.2 106.6c-8.7 14.5-24.6 23.5-41.5 23.5-4.5 0-9-.6-13.3-1.9L64 215v178c0 14.7 10 27.5 24.2 31l216.2 54.1c10.2 2.5 20.9 2.5 31 0L551.8 424c14.2-3.6 24.2-16.4 24.2-31V215l-137 39.1c-4.3 1.3-8.8 1.9-13.3 1.9zm212.6-112.2L586.8 41c-3.1-6.2-9.8-9.8-16.7-8.9L320 64l91.7 152.1c3.8 6.3 11.4 9.3 18.5 7.3l197.9-56.5c9.9-2.9 14.7-13.9 10.2-23.1zM53.2 41L1.7 143.8c-4.6 9.2.3 20.2 10.1 23l197.9 56.5c7.1 2 14.7-1 18.5-7.3L320 64 69.8 32.1c-6.9-.8-13.5 2.7-16.6 8.9z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"gb-text\">Amazon<\/span><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"gb-text gbp-section__text gb-text-559dd6f7\">As an Amazon Partner, when you buy through our links, we may earn a commission.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Takeaway:<\/strong> While Keller wants you to build a &#8220;relationship,&#8221; Sharp says you just need to be famous and easy to buy. For a small business, a blend is typically the best option. Use Keller to refine your messaging, but use Sharp\u2019s logic to obsess over distribution and visibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The State of Brand Equity in 2026: The AI Shift<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The models of 1991 and 1993 are being tested by the technology of 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, <strong>Generative AI<\/strong> and <strong>Large Language Models (LLMs)<\/strong> have changed &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/brand-salience\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"260355\">Brand Salience<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the past, Salience meant popping into a consumer's head when they walked down a supermarket aisle. Today, Salience means popping into an AI's answer when a user asks, &#8220;What is the best CRM for a small plumbing business?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If your brand equity (digital footprint, authoritative mentions, clear associations) isn't strong enough for the algorithm to cite you, you are invisible. This is the new <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/building-brand-awareness\/\">Brand Awareness<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Keller\u2019s Update:<\/strong> &#8220;Resonance&#8221; now includes the amount of content generated by your users that feeds the AI models.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aaker\u2019s Update:<\/strong> &#8220;Proprietary Assets&#8221; now includes your data sets and digital authority.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Build and Measure Equity (The Inkbot Method)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You don't need a million-pound budget to apply these frameworks. Here is a practical, step-by-step approach for SMBs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"783\" src=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/what-is-the-brand-equity-pyramid-1024x783.webp\" alt=\"Brand Equity Pyramid What Is The Brand Equity Pyramid\" class=\"wp-image-285764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/what-is-the-brand-equity-pyramid-1024x783.webp 1024w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/what-is-the-brand-equity-pyramid-300x229.webp 300w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/what-is-the-brand-equity-pyramid-60x46.webp 60w, https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/what-is-the-brand-equity-pyramid.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Audit Your &#8220;Distinctive Assets&#8221; (Aaker)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Before you launch a campaign, list what you own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Do you have a trademark?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is your logo consistent everywhere?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do you have a specific colour code (like Tiffany Blue or Cadbury Purple)?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Action:<\/strong> If your branding is inconsistent, you are leaking equity. <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/contact\/request-a-quote\/\">Request a quote<\/a> to standardise your visual identity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Map Your Salience (Keller)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ask 100 people in your target market: <em>&#8220;When you think of [Your Industry], which three companies come to mind?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If you aren't on the list, you have a Salience problem, not a quality problem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Increase reach. Focus on broad <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/boosting-your-brand-recognition\/\">brand recognition<\/a> campaigns rather than niche targeting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Check Your Performance vs. Imagery (Keller)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Are you promising one thing but delivering another?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Example:<\/em> If your website looks luxurious (Imagery) but your customer service is slow (Performance), you create &#8220;Cognitive Dissonance.&#8221; This destroys equity faster than anything else.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Align your <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/how-to-enhance-brand-trust\/\">brand trust<\/a> signals. Ensure that the operational reality aligns with the marketing promise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Measure the &#8220;Price Premium&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ultimate test of brand equity is pricing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Take your product price.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subtract the average price of a generic competitor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The difference is your Brand Equity Value.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Note:<\/strong> If you cannot charge more than the generic option, you do not have a brand; you have a product. Read more on <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/branding-roi\/\">Branding ROI<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Debunking the Myth: &#8220;Brand Love&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a pervasive myth in marketing that customers want to &#8220;love&#8221; your brand. Outside of a few notable exceptions (Disney, Harley-Davidson, Apple), this is generally not the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most customers don't want a relationship with their bank, their toothpaste, or their accountant. They want <strong>reliability<\/strong> and <strong>ease<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Aaker was right:<\/strong> Perceived Quality drives the business.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Keller was partially right:<\/strong> Feelings matter, but usually, the feeling the customer wants is &#8220;lack of anxiety.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Don't over-invest in trying to make people &#8220;love&#8221; you. Invest in making sure they &#8220;trust&#8221; you. Trust scales; love is fickle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Verdict<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>So, Aaker or Keller?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Use Aaker<\/strong> if you are building a business case for investors, planning an exit, or structuring your intellectual property. It is the language of the boardroom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use Keller<\/strong> if you are crafting your messaging, designing your user experience, or trying to figure out why your marketing isn't clicking with humans. It is the language of the creative studio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, both models convey the same truth: a brand is not just a logo. A <a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/6-tips-for-strengthening-brand-reputation\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"9609\">brand is a reputation<\/a> that allows you to charge a premium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are ready to stop playing around with visuals and start building a measurable asset, you need a strategy that combines the structural rigour of Aaker with the psychological depth of Keller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811702738\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the main difference between Aaker and Keller's models?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The main difference lies in their focus. David Aaker\u2019s model (1991) focuses on the brand as a business asset consisting of five pillars, including proprietary assets. Kevin Lane Keller\u2019s model (1993) focuses on the consumer\u2019s psychological journey, visualised as a pyramid leading to &#8220;Brand Resonance.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811817646\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can small businesses use the Keller Brand Equity model?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, but with caution. Small businesses should focus on the bottom two levels of Keller\u2019s pyramid\u2014Salience (Awareness) and Performance\/Imagery. Trying to achieve &#8220;Resonance&#8221; (Level 4) without a massive budget or established trust is often a waste of resources.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811825621\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are Proprietary Brand Assets in Aaker's model?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Proprietary Brand Assets are the legal and tangible elements of a brand that competitors cannot legally copy. This includes trademarks, patents, channel relationships, and proprietary databases. Aaker argues these are critical for protecting brand value.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811837574\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I measure brand equity without a big budget?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You can measure brand equity by tracking your &#8220;Price Premium&#8221; (how much more you can charge than a generic competitor) and your &#8220;Brand Salience&#8221; (how often you are mentioned unprompted in your category). Surveys and search volume data are cost-effective tools for this.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811849672\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is Brand Salience important?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Brand Salience is the foundation of Keller\u2019s model. It refers to how easily and frequently a brand comes to mind when making a purchase. Without salience, a customer will not consider your brand, regardless of the quality of your product.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811860983\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does brand equity affect the sale price of a company?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Absolutely. High brand equity contributes to &#8220;Goodwill&#8221; on the balance sheet. Investors pay a premium for brands with loyal customer bases (Aaker\u2019s Loyalty) and strong protections (Aaker\u2019s Assets) because they guarantee future cash flow with lower risk.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811934717\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the role of &#8216;Brand Feelings' in branding?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In Keller\u2019s model, &#8216;Feelings' are the customer\u2019s emotional response to the brand (e.g., security, fun, social approval). These feelings drive the transition from simple satisfaction to active loyalty.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811950447\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is Brand Loyalty the same as Brand Resonance?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not exactly. Brand Loyalty (Aaker) usually refers to the habit of re-purchasing. Brand Resonance (Keller) is a deeper, psychological bond that occurs when customers actively engage with the brand, advocate for it, and feel a sense of community.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811959269\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does Byron Sharp\u2019s theory contradict Keller's?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Byron Sharp argues that &#8220;differentiation&#8221; (a key concept for Keller) is less important than &#8220;distinctiveness.&#8221; Sharp suggests brands grow by increasing &#8220;mental and physical availability&#8221; to light buyers, rather than focusing on deepening relationships with loyalists.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1765811972742\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h4 class=\"rank-math-question \">How can I improve my Perceived Quality?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Perceived Quality is improved not just by making a better product, but by signalling quality through design, packaging, pricing, and social proof. Consistent visual identity and high-quality &#8220;touchpoints&#8221; (website, support) are crucial for raising perception.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><style>\r\n.lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }.lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n            width: 32%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            justify-content: space-between;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n            width: calc(10% - 20px);\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n            object-fit: cover;\r\n            aspect-ratio: 1 \/ 1;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{\r\n            background: initial !important;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n            .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }.lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{\r\n                margin-top: 0px;\r\n                margin-bottom: 0px;\r\n                padding-top: 0px;\r\n                padding-bottom: 0px;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-double,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n                justify-content: initial;\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n                \r\n                \r\n            };\r\n        }<\/style>\r\n<div id=\"link-whisper-related-posts-widget\" class=\"link-whisper-related-posts lwrp\">\r\n            <h4 class=\"lwrp-title\">You May Also Like:<\/h4>    \r\n        <div class=\"lwrp-list-container\">\r\n                                            <ul class=\"lwrp-list lwrp-list-single\">\r\n                    <li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/graphic-design-ethics\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Graphic Design Ethics: Copycats, Clients, and Copyrights<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/different-types-of-logos\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">The 7 Different Types Of Logos &amp; How To Use Them<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/sensory-branding\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Sensory Branding: Engaging All 5 Senses<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/personalisation-in-marketing\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Personalisation in Marketing: Why it Matters<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/digital-pr-strategies\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Digital PR Strategies to Boost Your Online Presence<\/span><\/a><\/li>                <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Branding isn&#8217;t magic; it&#8217;s engineering. We break down the heavyweights of brand theory\u2014David Aaker and Kevin Lane Keller\u2014to help you calculate, build, and deploy brand equity that actually pays the bills.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":328574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-273117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-brand-strategy","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=273117"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273117\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/328574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=273117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=273117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inkbotdesign.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=273117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}